Minsky's [universal] Turing machine
History [of universal Turing machines]
Rule 110 Turing machines
Rule 60 Turing machines
Turing machine enumeration
States versus colors [in Turing machines]
[Turing] machine 596440
[Universal] tag systems
[Methods of] encoding sequences by integers
[Universal] register machines
[Universal] recursive functions
Lambda calculus
Combinators
Combinator properties
Single [universal] combinators
Cellular automaton combinators
Testing universality [in symbolic systems]
Criteria for universality
[Universality for] classes of systems
![Minsky's [universal] Turing machine](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--minskys-universal-turing-machine--textonly.png "Minsky's [universal] Turing machine")
![History [of universal Turing machines]](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--history-of-universal-turing-machines--textonly.png "History [of universal Turing machines]")
![States versus colors [in Turing machines]](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--states-versus-colors-in-turing-machines--textonly.png "States versus colors [in Turing machines]")
![[Turing] machine 596440](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--turing-machine-596440--textonly.png "[Turing] machine 596440")
![[Universal] tag systems](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--universal-tag-systems--textonly.png "[Universal] tag systems")
![[Methods of] encoding sequences by integers](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--methods-of-encoding-sequences-by-integers--textonly.png "[Methods of] encoding sequences by integers")
![[Universal] register machines](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--universal-register-machines--textonly.png "[Universal] register machines")
![[Universal] recursive functions](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--universal-recursive-functions--textonly.png "[Universal] recursive functions")
![Single [universal] combinators](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--single-universal-combinators--textonly.png "Single [universal] combinators")
![Testing universality [in symbolic systems]](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--testing-universality-in-symbolic-systems--textonly.png "Testing universality [in symbolic systems]")
![[Universality for] classes of systems](/nks/img/thumbnails/notes-11-12--universality-for-classes-of-systems--textonly.png "[Universality for] classes of systems")
