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Then on the second line, one removes numbers larger than 2 that are divisible by 2—as indicated by the gray dots.
In the picture, the black dots indicate which elements are being replaced at each step.
Each node is labelled by a possible position for the dot. In the first case shown, starting for example at position 4 the dot then visits positions 5, 0, 1, 2 and so on, at each step going from one node in the network to the next.
Our visual system does not immediately perceive the grids, but instead mainly picks up features formed from local arrangements of dots.
And certainly it is now very hard for us to imagine just what range of purposes the first known stone tools from 2.6 million years ago might have been put to—or what purpose the arrays of dots or handprints in cave paintings from 30,000 BC might have had.
And dotted throughout there are various white triangles and other small structures.
But in fact, it turns out that it is sufficient just to look at the evolution of the mobile
A mobile automaton in which only the single active cell indicated by a dot is updated at each step, thereby avoiding the issue of global synchronization.
Such systems can either have the kind of chemical and mechanical character most often considered in nanotechnology, or can be primarily electronic, for example along the lines of so-called quantum-dot cellular automata.
Halftoning
In printed books like this one, gray levels are usually obtained by printing small dots of black with varying sizes.
In the top picture of each pair every individual update is indicated by a black dot.